Informational Tables

- 1.1 Parasite Classification | - 1.2 Body Site, Specimens, Procedures, Parasites, Comments | - 1.3 STAT Testing in Parasitology | - 1.4 Test Issues and Reports: Computer Report Comments| - 1.5 Rapid Diagnostic Testing
- 2.1 Stool Testing Order Recommendations | - 2.2 Fecal specimens for parasites: options for collection and processinga² | - 2.3 Preservatives used for Stool Specimens
- 3.1 Body Sites and Specimen Collection | - 3.2 Body sites and the most common parasites recovered | - 3.3 Body Site, Specimens and Recommended Stain | - 3.4 Examination of tissues and body fluids | - 3.5 Parasitic Infections: Clinical Findings Healthy/Compromised Hosts | - 3.6 Microscope Calibration | - 3.7 Serologic, Antigen, and Probe Tests for Parasite Diagnosis
- 4.1 Protozoa: Intestinal Tract, Urogenital System: Key Characteristics | - 4.2 Tissue Protozoa: Characteristics | - 4.3 Tips on Performance of Fecal Immunoassays for Intestinal Protozoa
5.1 Helminths: Key Characteristics | 5.2 Helminth Parasites Associated with Eosinophilia
6.1 Reference Laboratory for Parasite Blood Testing | 6.2 Parasites Found in Blood: Characteristics
7.1 Malaria (5 Species) (2 P. ovale subspecies) | 7.2 Malaria (5 Species, Images) | 7.3 Rapid Malaria Testing (BinaxNOW Malaria Test) | 7.4 Malaria Parasitemia Method | 7.5 Malaria Parasitemia Interpretation
- USE OF A REFERENCE LABORATORY FOR PARASITE BLOOD DIAGNOSTIC TESTING (Including the Binax Rapid Test and Report Comments)
- HELMINTH PARASITES ASSOCIATED WITH EOSINOPHILIA | - Histology: Staining Characteristics - Table 1 | - Histological Identification of Parasites - Table 2 | - Microscope Calibration | - Figures for Histology Identification Table 2 |

HELMINTH PARASITES ASSOCIATED WITH EOSINOPHILIA

Eosinophils dysregulate immune responses associated with malignancies, allergic and parasitic diseases especially helminthic infections, though it is infrequently observed with protozoan diseases.

Eosinophilia associated with parasite infections is associated specifically with tissue invasion and migration of helminthic parasites, and the degree of peripheral eosinophilia is usually proportional to the extent of tissue invasion. The most common cause of eosinophilia worldwide is helminthic infections, and the most common cause in industrialized nations is atopic disease. Atopic dermatitis, also called eczema, is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disease of the skin that leads to itching and risks for skin infection. It is the most common skin disease in children: about 10% to 20% of children in the United States and Western Europe have atopic dermatitis. Atopic reactions (commonly caused by mite feces, animal dander, pollen, or mold) are IgE-mediated allergic reactions that trigger histamine release.

The terms atopy and allergy are often used interchangeably but are different: Atopy is an exaggerated IgE-mediated immune response; all atopic disorders are type I hypersensitivity disorders. Allergy is any exaggerated immune response to a foreign antigen regardless of mechanism.

Primary Location in Host	Parasite Species
Nematodes
Blood and Lymphatics	Brugia malayi, B. timori Wuchereria bancrofti Loa loa Mansonella ozzardi, M. perstans
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissues	Onchocerca volvulus Loa loa Ancylostoma braziliense A. caninum (Cutaneous larva migrans) Dracunculus medinensis Gnathostoma spinigerum Toxocara canis, T. catis (Visceral larva migrans)
Muscle	Trichinella spp.
Gastrointestinal Tract	Ascaris lumbricoides Necator americanus Ancylostoma duodenale (human) A. caninum (canine) (Eosinophilic enteritis Strongyloides stercoralis Capillaria philippinensis Trichuris trichiura
Lungs	Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (hypersensitivity reaction to Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi antigens; cough, breathlessness, wheezing, chest pain – symptoms usually nocturnal) NOTE: Many use the term Loeffler’s syndrome to refer to any form of acute onset pulmonary eosinophilia, regardless of the underlying cause. Migrating larva of: Ascaris lumbricoides Necator americanus Ancylostoma duodenale Strongyloides stercoralis
Liver	Toxocara canis, T. cati
Central Nervous System (CNS)	Angiostrongylus cantonensis
TREMATODES
Liver	Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, S. mekongi
Lung	Paragonimus spp.
Urinary Tract	Schistosoma haematobium
CESTODES
Multiple, especially liver, lung	Echinococcus granulosus E. multilocularis Taenia solium (cysticercosis)