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Quizzes, Blood
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Organism Index (A-Z)
- 1.1 Parasite Classification |
- 1.2 Body Site, Specimens, Procedures, Parasites, Comments |
- 1.3 STAT Testing in Parasitology |
- 1.4 Test Issues and Reports: Computer Report Comments|
- 1.5 Rapid Diagnostic Testing
- 2.1 Stool Testing Order Recommendations |
- 2.2 Fecal specimens for parasites: options for collection and processinga2 |
- 2.3 Preservatives used for Stool Specimens
- 3.1 Body Sites and Specimen Collection | - 3.2 Body sites and the most common parasites recovered | - 3.3 Body Site, Specimens and Recommended Stain | - 3.4 Examination of tissues and body fluids | - 3.5 Parasitic Infections: Clinical Findings Healthy/Compromised Hosts | - 3.6 Microscope Calibration | - 3.7 Serologic, Antigen, and Probe Tests for Parasite Diagnosis
- 4.1 Protozoa: Intestinal Tract, Urogenital System: Key Characteristics | - 4.2 Tissue Protozoa: Characteristics |
- 4.3 Tips on Performance of Fecal Immunoassays for Intestinal Protozoa
5.1 Helminths: Key Characteristics | 5.2 Helminth Parasites Associated with Eosinophilia
6.1 Reference Laboratory for Parasite Blood Testing | 6.2 Parasites Found in Blood: Characteristics
7.1 Malaria (5 Species) (2 P. ovale subspecies) | 7.2 Malaria (5 Species, Images) | 7.3 Rapid Malaria Testing (BinaxNOW Malaria Test) | 7.4 Malaria Parasitemia Method |
7.5 Malaria Parasitemia Interpretation
- USE OF A REFERENCE LABORATORY FOR PARASITE BLOOD DIAGNOSTIC
TESTING (Including the Binax Rapid Test and Report Comments)
- HELMINTH PARASITES ASSOCIATED WITH EOSINOPHILIA |
- Histology: Staining Characteristics - Table 1 |
- Histological Identification of Parasites - Table 2 |
- Microscope Calibration |
- Figures for Histology Identification Table 2 |
Table 1 CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN PARASITES
I. Protozoa
A. Intestinal amebae
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba dispara
Entamoeba moshkovskii
Entamoeba bangladeshi
Entamoeba hartmanni
Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba polecki
Endolimax nana
Iodamoeba bütschlii
Blastocystis spp.
B. Intestinal flagellates
Giardia lambliab
Chilomastix mesnili
Dientamoeba fragilis
Pentatrichomonas hominis
Enteromonas hominis
Retortamonas intestinalis
C. Intestinal ciliates
Balantidium coli (Neobalantidium coli)
D. Intestinal apicomplexa, coccidia, and microsporidia
1.Apicomplexa
Cryptosporidium parvum
Cryptosporidium hominis
Cryptosporidiumspp.
2. Coccidia
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Cystoisospora belli
Sarcocystis hominis
Sarcocystis suihominis
3.Microsporidia
Enterocytozoon bieneusi
Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinalis
E. Sporozoa and Flagellates from blood and tissue
1.Sporozoa (causing malaria and babesiosis)
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium knowlesi
Babesia spp.
2. Flagellates (leishmaniae and trypanosomes)
a.Old World Leishmania species
Leishmania (Leishmania) tropica
Leishmania (Leishmania) major
Leishmania (Leishmania) aethiopica
Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani
Leishmania (Leishmania) archibaldi
Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum
b.New World Leishmania species
Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana
Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis
Leishmania (Leishmania) pifanoi
Leishmania (Leishmania) garnhami
Leishmania (Leishmania) venezuelensis
Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi
Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis
Leishmania (Viannia) colombiensis
Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis
Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni
Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi
Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis
Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana
Leishmania (Viannia) shawi
c. Old World Trypanosoma species
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
d. New World Trypanosoma species
Trypanosoma cruzi
Trypanosoma rangeli
F. Amebae and flagellates from other body sites
1. Amebae
Naegleria fowleri
Sappinia diploidea
Acanthamoebaspp.
Hartmannella spp.
Balamuthia mandrillaris
Entamoeba gingivalis
2. Flagellates
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas tenax
G. Coccidia, sporozoa, and microsporidia from other body sites
1. Coccidia
Toxoplasma gondii
2. Microsporidia
Nosema ocularum
Pleistophora spp.
Pleistophora ronneafiei
Trachipleistophora hominis
Trachipleistophora anthropophthera
Anncaliia vesicularum
Anncaliia (Brachiola) algerae
Anncaliia (Brachiola) connori
Encephalitozoon cuniculi
Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinalis
Encephalitozoon hellem
Enterocytozoon bieneusi
Vittaforma corneae (Nosema corneum)
Microsporidiumc
II. Nematodes (roundworms)
A. Intestinal
Ascaris lumbricoides
Enterobius vermicularis
Ancylostoma duodenale
Necator americanus
Strongyloides stercoralis
Strongyloides fuelleborni
Trichostrongylus colubriformis
Trichostrongylus orientalis
Trichostrongylus spp.
Trichuris trichiura
Capillaria philippinensis
B. Tissue
Trichinella spiralis
Trichinellaspp. (T. britovi, T. murrelli, T. nativa, T. nelsoni, T. papuae, T. pseudospiralis, T. zimbabwensis)
Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati (visceral and ocular larva migrans)
Ancylostoma braziliense and ncylostoma caninum (cutaneous larva migrans)
Dracunculus medinensis
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Angiostrongylus costaricensis
Gnathostoma spinigerum
Anisakis spp. (larvae from saltwater fish)
Phocanemaspp. (larvae from saltwater fish)
Contracaecum(larvae from saltwater fish)
Hysterothylacium
Porrocaecum spp.
Capillaria hepatica
Thelazia spp.
Ternidens diminutus
C. Blood and tissues (filarial worms)
Wuchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi
Brugia timori
Loa loa
Onchocerca volvulus
Mansonella ozzardi
Mansonella streptocerca
Mansonella perstans
Dirofilaria immitis (usually found in lung lesions, eyes; in dogs, heartworm)
III. Cestodes (tapeworms)
A. Intestinal
Diphyllobothrium latum
Diplogonoporus spp.
Dipylidium caninum
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis diminuta
Taenia solium
Taenia saginata
Taenia asiatica
B. Tissue (larval forms)
Taenia solium
Echinococcus granulosu
Echinococcus multilocularis
Echinococcus vogeli
Echinococcus oligarthrus
Multiceps multiceps
Spirometra mansonoide
Diphyllobothrium spp.
IV. Trematodes (flukes)
A. Intestinal
Fasciolopsis buski
Echinostoma ilocanum
Echinochasmus perfoliatus
Heterophyes heterophyes
Metagonimus yokogawai
Gastrodiscoides hominis
Phaneropsolus bonnei
Prosthodendrium molenkempi
Spelotrema brevicaeca
Plagiorchis spp.
Neodiplostomum seoulense
B. Liver and lung
Clonorchis (Opisthorchis) sinensis
Opisthorchis viverrini
Opisthorchis felineus
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola gigantica
Metorchis conjunctus
Paragonimus westermani
Paragonimus kellicotti
Paragonimus africanus
Paragonimus uterobilateralis
Paragonimus miyazakii
Paragonimus mexicanus
Paragonimus caliensis
C. Blood
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma intercalatum
Schistosoma mekongi
Schistosoma malayi
Schistosoma matteei
V. Pentastomids (tongue worms); see Arthropods below
A. Tissue (larval forms)
Armillifer spp.
Linguatula serrata
Sebekia spp.
B. Nasopharyngeal
Armillifer spp.
Linguatula serrata
VI. Acanthocephalans (thorny-headed worms)
A. Intestine>
Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
Moniliformis moniliformis
VII. Arthropods
A. Arachnida
Scorpions
Spiders (black widow, brown recluse)
Ticks (Dermacentor, Ixodes, Argas, and Ornithodoros spp.)
Mites (Sarcoptes spp.))
B. Crustacea
Copepods (Cyclops spp.)
Crayfish, lobsters, and crabs
C. Pentastomida
Tongue worms
D. Diplopoda
Millipedes
E. Chilopoda
Centipedes
F. Insecta
Phthiraptera (sucking lice [Pediculus and Phthirus spp.])
Blattaria (cockroaches)
Hemiptera (true bugs [Triatoma spp.])
Coleoptera (beetles)
Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, etc.)
Lepidoptera (butterflies, caterpillars, moths, etc.)
Diptera (flies, mosquitoes, gnats, and midges[Phlebotomus, Aedes, Anopheles, Glossina,Simulium spp., etc.])
Siphonaptera (fleas [Pulex and Xenopsylla spp., etc.])
Parasite Classification and Relevant Body Sites
a The name Entamoeba histolytica is used to designate the true pathogen, while the name E. dispar is now being used to designate the nonpathogen. However, unless trophozoites containing ingested red blood cells (E. histolytica) are seen, the two organisms cannot be differentiated on the basis of morphology seen in permanent stained smears of fecal specimens. Fecal immunoassays are available for detecting the Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar group or for differentiating between the two species. E. moshkovskii and E. bangladeshi cannot be differentiated from E. histolytica with no ingested red blood cells or E. dispar. The Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar complex or group includes Entamoeba histolytica, E. dispar, E. moshkovskii, and E. bangladeshi; however, E. moshkovskii and E. bangladeshi are not routinely reported.
b Although some individuals have changed the species designation for the genus Giardia to G. duodenalis or G. intestinalis, there is no general agreement. Therefore, for this listing, the name Giardia lamblia is retained.
c This designation is not a true genus but a catch-all for organisms that have not been (and may never be) identified to the genus and/or species levels (Microsporidium ceylonensis and Microsporidium africanum). However, it is now listed as one of the genera of microsporidia infecting humans.